DCI Consulting Blog

DCI Staff Attend Swarm ILG Conference: What You Need To Know

Written by Jana Garman, M.A. | May 3, 2012 2:42:00 PM

The Annual Southwest and Rocky Mountain (SWARM) Region Industry Liaison Group (ILG)Conference was held April 10 – 13, 2012 in San Antonio, TX. This annual conference brings together members of the federal contracting community to discuss affirmative action and equal employee opportunity (EEO) issues and share information. This year’s conference coincided with a number of proposed changes regarding VEVRAA, Section 503, and the OFCCP Scheduling Letter. DCI Consulting Group attended the conference, and this post summarizes some of the sessions that we think are particularly relevant to the federal contractor community.

 

Keynote Speech
Patricia Shiu/Director of the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs


Director Patricia Shiu addressed contractors during a lunch session, opening with a warm statement about the partnership she hopes to create with the contractor community. Although Director Shiu expressed disappointment and irritation with those who speculate what she is thinking and the OFCCP’s next steps, she was pointed in saying she is committed to transparency. Specifically, her message conveyed that the OFCCP shares their intentions through the rule-making process and that there are no underlying, hidden agendas.

 

In what seemed to be a case of putting ones words into action, Director Shiu closed the session by taking audience questions. Contractors asked questions related to such topics as the timeframe for the proposed regulation changes and how these changes will be implemented. One particular question that seemed to resonate with the larger audience concerned when implementation of the proposed scheduling letter could be anticipated and how long contractors would have to respond with changes to their internal auditing processes. In response, Director Shiu referred to her assistant, who discussed the rule-making process and the OFCCP’s plans for implementing proposed regulations. At this time, both the Section 503 and the VEVRAA regulations are still at OFCCP being finalized; the only outstanding regulation they currently have at the Office of Management and Budget (beside the proposed scheduling letter) is the proposed rescission of the Compensation Guidelines and Standards. Although there was no specific timeframe given for a grace period upon publishing of the new scheduling letter, it was made clear that contractors should be preparing for the proposed changes.

 

General Session
Melissa Speer/SWARM OFCCP Regional Director, Robert Beal/Office of the Solicitor, Counsel for Civil Rights


Ms. Speer and Mr. Beal generally addressed OFCCP enforcement and legal issues, including the recent FedEx Ground and Beef Packing Company cases. Ms Speer noted the large scale non-financial remedies included as part of the Fed Ex Ground Settlement. This included hiring an external I/O Psychologistto evaluate current hiring processes, develop objective measures for the hiring process and create and implement EEO and HR training for the organization.

 

The session also focused on compensation issues. For example, in response to a question at the previous session with David Lopez, General Counsel of EEOC, Mr. Beal discussed an EEOC pilot program driven by President Obama that has allowed EEOC to conduct proactive audits of contractor and private organization compliance with the Equal Pay Act.

 

Ms. Speer stated that OFCCP compensation analysis is conducted through a multi-faceted approach, addressing all forms of pay discrimination. Specifically, a variety of statistical and non-statistical tools are used on a case-by-case basis. The pending proposed rescission of the 2006 Compensation Guidelines was brought up, but no mention was made of guidelines or standards to replace the rescinded document. Ms. Speer also discussed the proposed a new pay data collection tool, which received about 7,800 public comments in response. Finally, Ms. Speer provided recommendations for contractors in the case that they received a Notice of Violation:

 

  • Send response to the Notice of Violation one week prior to the scheduled meeting
  • Have available all records to support position
  • If serious about reaching an agreement, payroll data and documentation of mitigating factors is required
  • Press releases cannot be negotiated

General Session: OFCCP District Directors
Pat Byrd/Houston
Nicole Huggins/Denver
Katherine Haight/San Antonio
Rachel Woods/ New Orleans

 

Four District Directors provided several different methodologies surrounding their views as three “unusual” paths to findings of discrimination. While these methodologies are termed as “unusual”, it is a best practice suggestion for all contractors to understand the fundamentals underlying these paths and liability.

 

Maintaining Records
Contractors are required to maintain records for two years (organizations with fewer than 150 employees is one year) from the date the record was created or an employment decision is made, whichever is later. If a contractor fails to maintain records or does not have adequate records, OFCCP can deem the contractor’s lack of record keeping as the result of an unfavorable outcome, such as a significant adverse impact result. In this scenario, OFCCP has the option to utilize what is called an adverse inference theory. They would gather workforce data (e.g., hires, representation) and compare that to current availability. Since actual pools of applicants are not available, this analysis could be used to support an inference of discrimination.

 

Conducting Adverse Impact Analyses
Adverse impact analyses should be conducted separately by subgroups. OFCCP has had several Conciliation Agreements where adverse impact analyses were conducted by sub-group rather than the traditional “Minority” group versus “White” comparison. This means that contractors should be analyzing their adverse impact by comparing each racial subgroup to the highest selected group (e.g. Hispanic v. Black, etc). Caution should also be advised that OFCCP has taken the approach to analyze combinations of sub-groups that favor an adverse impact claim (e.g. Hispanic v. Non-Hispanic, Blacks v. Non-Blacks, etc). This is a high liability area because these non-traditional analyses are often not conducted proactively.

 

Implementing Self-Monitoring as Part of a Conciliation Agreement
Contractors should be reminded that they must comply with the conditions agreed upon in their Conciliation Agreement. Specifically, contractors cannot retaliate against anyone that was involved in the matter that lead to the conciliation. Additionally, the terms of the Conciliation Agreement allow OFCCP to review ongoing compliance by reviewing written reports, inspecting premises, interviewing witnesses, and examining documents. Again, violating a Conciliation Agreement is a high liability area since failing to comply with the terms and agreements (or having an adverse condition of the contract) could lead OFCCP to request more documentation than what may have originally been required and/or agreed upon. Therefore, it is best practice for contractors to understand the terms and agreements of the Conciliation Agreements before they sign it. Additionally, contractors should have dedicated staff self-monitor their compliance efforts going forward with the ability to defend the requirements found in the Conciliation Agreement.

 

In closing, the District Directors provided the following compliance advice to contractors.
1. Maintain good records
2. Understand company processes (do managers understand and follow?)
3. Conduct appropriate analyses
4. Engage in self-monitoring
5. Address issues promptly
6. Avoid the “it’s not my job” excuse
7. Seek compliance assistant

 

Proper High Stakes Test Use: How to Avoid a Federal Test Discrimination Claim
Dr. Richard Fisher/OFCCP National Office


Any assessment of an applicant’s knowledge, skills, and/or abilities utilized for personnel decisions may be deemed a “test” and must be valid if found to have adverse impact. Dr. Richard Fisher, OFCCP’s Director of Testing, provided the audience with 5 best practices to help alleviate a test discrimination claim. These included:

 

1. A valid test is a legal test
2. Routinely analyze each test for adverse impact (2.0 more standard deviations)
3. Work to lessen adverse impact on any test when it’s found
4. Consider the estimated “shelf-life” when reviewing the validation process

  • Test validity research – 5 years
  • Job analysis – 5-6 years
  • Setting passing score – 3-3.5 years

5. If someone tells you that a particular test is valid, ask questions:

  • Valid for what and how do you know?
  • What is the written validity evidence meeting the Uniform Guidelines for my intended use of the test?
  • Will you help defend the test validity against a discrimination claim?

Dr. Fisher ended the session by opening the floor up for contractor questions.

 

Behind the Scenes: What Does OFCCP Do With Your Data?
Shafeeqa Giarratani/Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P., Lisa Kaiser/Kairos Services


Based on the presenters’ experience on both sides of an OFCCP audit, audience members were provided realistic scenarios of issues that commonly arise from audits. The presenters acted out scenarios and then provided recommendations on how to respond to the OFCCP in such cases. Some of the scenarios and recommended responses included:

Issue #1

  • I just received an audit letter and it was dated two weeks ago. What do I do?

Response

    • Ensure this does not happen – have a designated contact person in place and have materials prepared in advance.
    • If this does happen, contact OFCCP to request additional time and send the data in right, even if not on time.

Issue #2

  • The audit letter lists 11 items, but I don’t understand them at all. What do I do?

               Response 

    • Seek legal advice.
    • Ensure this does not happen – keep required records and perform data clean-up (pull out duplicate applicant records, fix mistaken entries, clean applicant flow of those not meeting the Internet applicant regulations) and analysis before submitting final items.
    Issue #3
  • I’ve been contacted by the OFCCP because they have identified “flags” in our data. What do I do?

                Response

  • Ensure you are prepared before this step. Conduct proactive analyses to identify issues before they are sent to the OFCCP.
  • You know your data better than a compliance officer does.

 

   Issue #4

  • I have been asked to submit a great deal of follow-up documentation. Is this normal? And do I have to?

Response

    • Yes, but the OFCCP will often work with you on requests. Call the investigator to come to a mutually agreeable way to get the documents to them in a timely fashion.

 

After presenting these and other scenarios, the presenters responded to the question “what does the OFCCP do with data once they receive it?” They provided information on the following OFCCP actions:

  • Building a Database
  • Determining the Applicant Pool
  • Determining the Affected Class
  • Conducting a Step Analysis
  • Making Refinements to the Pools

 

As a final note, the presenters stated that contractors can negotiate after receiving a Notice of Violation from the OFCCP in regard to liability (shortfall/pay disparity) and damages (correct pay, period of unemployment, mitigation period). Contractors cannot, however, negotiate press releases.

 

General Session: Lunch Presentation
David Lopez/General Counsel of EEOC


David Lopez,General Counsel of EEOC, provided the details for EEOC’s strategic focus from 2012 to 2016. This included developing a new enforcement plan, planning significant partnerships with community businesses, ensuring effectiveness of systems through technology, and increasing systemic discrimination enforcement. The General Counsel Office, which currently has a success rate of 90%, has re-delegated the authority to approve cases for litigation from one location, to 15 locations. They have also created the National Law Enforcement and Trial Resources Project which provides resources and mentoring for all lawyers on staff to ensure only the cases that are able to be tried and won are those that move forward to litigation.

 

The agency is seeing an upswing of systemic discrimination claims, which were at an all-time high in 2011. Another appearing trend has been cases involving vulnerable populations, such as human trafficking, intellectually disabled employees, and retaliation. Additionally, with the National Equal Pay Task Force mission at the forefront for all agencies, EEOC has been active in litigating cases surrounding pregnancy and caregiver discrimination. They successfully filed 20 cases last year, with Mr. Lopez commenting that these types of discrimination cases are the most overt forms of blatant discrimination. Mr. Lopez provided his final thoughts for the areas where the Office of General Counsel is currently underachieving, including disparate impact cases, Equal Pay Act wage discrimination cases, and age discrimination cases.

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5 Things You Need to Know About Social Media Recruiting
Nancy Holland/Direct Employers


As the Vice President of Marketing at DirectEmployers, Ms. Holland had a variety of strategies for how organizations should and should not usesocial media in their recruiting efforts. She reported that 89% of organizations use social media for recruiting and 18% use it to screen job candidates. She provided additional figures related to the scope of social media (e.g., more than two new members per second are joining the LinkedIn network), recommendations to applicants (e.g., make connections through social media and leverage them so that your resume lands in front of a hiring manager), and her “5 Things You Need to Know.”

 

(1) Monitor and Listen

  • Set up Google Alerts or other internet monitoring features to find out what is being said about your company.

(2) Policy and Education

  • Have a policy regarding social media use. Be sure your employees are informed about this policy and provide examples of proper and improper use of social media as related to business function.

(3) Opportunities for Outreach

  • Use social media for finding and facilitating potential partnerships.

(4) Legal Risks

  • Be aware of legal implications involved with using social media in recruiting.

 

(5) Privacy/Protection

  • In a time when the legality of social media use is in question, be cautious about using the many legal loopholes to engage in recruiting activity. Keep abreast of legal developments.

Proposed VEVRAA Changes: What We Should Expect and What We Can Do to Prepare
Tony Magaro/Southwest Research Institute, Rachel Gudaitis/Southwest Research Institute

 

This session served as a review of the proposed changes to the Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act (VEVRAA). The purpose of the proposed changes is to strengthen the Affirmative Action Provisions for VEVRAA, increase contractors’ data collection, and establish hiring benchmarks. The need for these proposed changes is based on the veteran unemployment rate and the social imperative to take care of our veterans. Contractor requirements after the proposed changes include:

 

  • Mandatory job listings with employment service delivery systems
  • Maintain “priority referrals” from state employment services
  • Record-keeping requirements…5 years
  • Invite all applicants to self-identify as a “protected veteran” prior to offer of employment
  • Must include the entire equal opportunity clause verbatim in federal contracts and subcontracts
  • In all internal and external communications identify the representative responsible for the company’s AA Program
  • Review and document personnel processes
  • Outreach and recruitment efforts (including linkage agreements – OFCCP has stated it will put together a mock linkage agreement for contractors to use as an example)
  • Data collection…referral data, applicant data, hiring data, job openings
  • Establish annual hiring benchmark…based on Bureau of Labor Statistics’ number of veterans in state; number of veterans who participated in the state employment services; referral ratio, applicant ration, and hiring ratio; assessment of effective company outreach
  • Hold annual meetings with employees to discuss AA policies

 

In mind of these greatly increased contractor requirements, the presenters recommended the following preparatory steps:

 

Look at linkage agreements

  1. Take steps toward improved employee retention
  2. Document your veteran efforts…create a plan
  3. Engage in and review good faith efforts
  4. Assign a “Veterans Coordinator”
  5. Actively support employees who are called to serve in the U.S. military
  6. Audit your outreach play
  7. Continue to be proactive in making employees aware of the AAP
  8. Monitor the DOL website regularly for continuous updates
  9. Review applicant tracking system
  10. Keep abreast of the proposed Section 503 regulations

 

2010 Census Update: The New Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Special Tabulation and American FactFinder
Ana Montalvo/National Office of the Census


Contrary to what many audience members were hoping, there will not be an early release of the 2010 census, so the scheduled release for December 2012 still stands. An integral piece to an Affirmative Action Plan, contractors use the census information to calculate availability, determine underutilization, and set minority and/or female goal for outreach/recruitment efforts. Four agencies (DOJ, OFCCP, OPM, and EEOC) sponsor the census tabulation every 10 years, which involves the collection and review of the data needed for contractor’s Affirmative Action Plans.

 

The American Community Survey (ACS) has now been fully implemented as the primary data collection tool and has eliminated what many people refer to as the “long form” of the decennial census. Interestingly, the ACS collects data over a five-year period and then uses the data collected for 10 years going forward. For example, the ACS collected data from January 2005 through December 2009 with most contractors assuming they should be using that data from January 2010 through December 2020. However, the lag in compiling the results will put the 2005-2009 data collection into use in 2013. When asked why not use the ACS that collects data every 5 years for 5 years going forward instead of the current 10 year use timeframe, the response noted that if the current use timeframe was shortened the four agencies would need to pay for the data collection every 5 years versus the current 10 years. The National Office of the Census does plan to release the occupational listings, occupational crosswalks, and county set listings within the next couple of months for users to familiarize themselves with the options before the 2010 census is released. They also plan to provide training in January and February, by request, after releasing the 2010 census data.

 

Pre-Conference Session on Hospital and University ContractorsAida Collins/Director of Regional Operations, SWARM Region, OFCCP
According to Mrs. Collins, OFCCP’s primary function is to level the playing field by protecting workers and promoting diversity enforcement. Currently, OFCCP has a team of 745 employees (200 new compliance officers) that conduct, on average, 4,000 compliance reviews each year. However, data showed that less than 2% of OFCCP’s compliance reviews each year are focused on Hospitals and less than 1% of reviews are focused on Universities:

 
 
Hospital Reviews

 

University Reviews

 

 

2008

 

 

1.6%

 

 

<1%

 

 

2009

 

 

1.3%

 

 

<1%

 

 

2010

 

 

1.2%

 

 

<1%

 

 

2011

 

 

1.8%

 

 

<1%

 

University contractors were particularly interested in why audits take so long. Aida provided insight that these types of audits “are very complicated”. She went on to mention that the complexity of University audits is especially true on the staff side because those positions have “more lax rules for staffing.”

 

The most important take away from the session was a “top violation” list that Director Collins compiled and shared to illustrate what common violations OFCCP has seen in these audits. .

 
 
Hospital Violations

 

University Violations

 

 

1. Recordkeeping

 

 

1. Recordkeeping

 

 

2. AAP inadequate / incorrect / missing

 

 

2. AAP inadequate / incorrect / missing

 

 

3. Hiring discrimination

 

 

3. EEO Policies

 

 

4. Internet applicant rule

 

 

4. Hiring Discrimination

 

 

5. Placement

 

 

5. Internet Applicant Rule

 

 

6. Recruitment

 

 

6. Recruitment

 

 

7. Compensation

 

A series of proactive questions were also provided, and were intended to help contractors avoid the above problems: :

 

Recordkeeping

    • You may know the selection procedure today, but do you know exactly what it was 2 year ago? Will someone know today’s selection procedure exactly as it is 2 years from now? Do you know how selections are/were made (what takes applicant from point A to point B)? Were the criteria posted for each job vacancy? Did you clearly document where applicants were eliminated from the process? Were applicant’s race and gender captured correctly?

AAP Inadequate / Incorrect / Missing

    • Update AAPs annually and redesign job groups if necessary

Internet Applicant Rule

    • Do you have the query saved that you used to gather the applicant pool? Does the query search for basic qualifications?

Placement

    • Are women/men consistently placed in certain area/jobs (e.g. packing boxes versus moving boxes)?

 

Closing out the session, Anita provided some advice for contractors when monitoring/evaluating underutilization and/or discrimination. More specifically, she suggested that many contractors do identify underutilization and/or discrimination, but then fail to take appropriate actions to correct. She mentioned the following tips:

 

Evaluate/Monitor for Discrimination and Underutilization

  1. Know where potential problems exist
  2. Develop an action plan – follow it!
  3. Correct any identified problems
  4. Require frequent internal reporting on goals/objectives

 

Affirmative Action 101 – Understanding What It Takes to Develop an OFCCP Compliant Plan
Nicole Butts/Berkshire Associates Inc.


This session was a refresher course for contractors on the basics of what an Affirmative Action Plan (AAP) is and what content it must contain. Because the audience appeared well-seasoned and knowledgeable on the topic, a conversational environment was created in which audience members asked more nuanced questions about the technical creation of AAPs. Most of the audience questions focused on technical details such as availability calculations based on 2000 U.S. Census data. For example, a discussion ensued regarding the inflated Census figures for jobs requiring security clearance. Although these jobs require measurable skills tapped by the Census job codes, security clearance is not taken into account.

 

The content reviewed by Ms. Butts included:

 

Affirmative Action Regulations

  • Executive Order 11246 (41 CFR 60-2)
  • Section 503 Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (41 CFR 60-741)
  • Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act (VEVRAA) (41 CFR 60-300)

 

Affirmative Action Plan Reports

  • Organizational Profile
  • Job Group Analysis
  • Availability Factor Analysis
  • Utilization Analysis
  • Goals Report
  • Goal Attainment From Previous Year
  • Roster Compensation Summary
  • Adverse Impact

 

Additionally, Ms. Butts stressed the need for Affirmative Action Plans as living, breathing documents. Her message was that personnel data must not only be analyzed, but a plan must be then created and, most importantly, implemented and continually updated.

 

Diversity & the Generational Shifts in the Law
Elizabeth Campbell/Andrews Kurth LLP

 

Ms. Campbell used the Lilly Ledbetter case as a case study for generational effects in the workplace in her session on diversity and generational shifts in the law and in the changing demographic makeup of the U.S. The four generations found in today’s workforce include:

 

  • Traditionalist (DOB 1945 or before)
  • Baby Boomer (DOB 1946-1964)
  • Gen X (DOB 1965-1981)
  • Gen Y/Millenial (DOB 1982-2000)

 

Given the differing values and outlooks found among the generations, tensions are likely to arise in the workplace. Further, based on Dr. Stephen L. Klineberg’s research on demographics in the U.S. by age group, the intersection of ethnicity and age can be a source of tension. Ms. Campbell’s advice in proactively addressing such tensions before they become issues brought to litigation consists of creating a Diversity and Inclusion strategy comprised of:

 

  • Vision/Mission
  • “Business Case”
  • Leadership from the “Top”
  • Inclusive definitions and scope
  • Communications strategy
  • Metrics and accountability

 

by Marcelle Clavette, Jana Moberg, and Eric Dunleavy, Ph.D., DCI Consulting Group